Shrubs & Trees
Species	Common name	Form	Conditions	Comments
Acer spicatum	Mountain Maple	Small tree (20’)	Some shade	Upright flower spikes; Fall foliage
Amelanchier laevis	Allegheny Serviceberry	Small tree (20’)	Moist, some shade	Spring flowers, summer berries, Fall foliage
Aronia arbutifolia	Red Chokeberry	Medium shrub (10’)	Moist/Adaptable	Spring flowers; Red berries; Fall foliage
Comptonia peregrina	Sweetfern	Groundcover (3’)	Poor soil	Fragrant foliage
Cornus amomum	Silky Dogwood	Medium shrub (10’)	Moist/Adaptable	Blue berries for birds; Red twigs
Dirca palustris	Leatherwood	Small shrub (5’)	Moist/Adaptable	Deer-resistant?; Skin-irritant
Gaultheria procumbens	Wintergreen	Groundcover (<1’)	Moist well-drained acidic soil	Berries for birds
Gaylussacia baccata	Huckleberry	Dwarf shrub (3’)	Dry acid soil; Sun for fruit	Spring flowers; Summer berries; Fall Foliage
Hamamelis virginiana	Witch Hazel	Small tree (20’)		Fall flowers & foliage; Trouble free
Ilex verticillata	Smooth Winterberry	Medium shrub (10’)	Moist/Adaptable	Fall/winter fruits; Pollinator needed
Kalmia latifolia	Mountain Laurel	Medium shrub (10’)	Some sun; Cool; Acid	Spring flowers; Evergreen foliage; Form
Lindera benzoin	Spicebush	Medium shrub (10’)	Moist; some shade	Berries for birds; Host for Spicebush Swallowtail
Lonicera sempervirens	Trumpet Honeysuckle	Vine to 20’		Red or yellow flowers - hummingbirds; berries
Morus rubra	Red Mulberry	Large Tree (50’)	Moist/Adaptable	Berries in summer; Male & female needed
Nyssa sylvatica	Black Gum	Large Tree (50’)	Swampy/Adaptable	Fall foliage; Berries for birds
Rhododendron canadense	Rhodora	Dwarf shrub (3’)	Moist/wet	Good for naturalizing
Rhododendron periclymenoides	Pinxterbloom	Medium shrub (8’)		Light pink flowers; fairly shade tolerant
Rhododendron viscosum	Swamp Azalea	Medium shrub (8’)	Moist	Early sum. fragrant flowers;  Fall foliage
Rosa palustris	Swamp Rose	Small shrub (5’)	Moist	Spring flowers; Summer hips; Fall foliage
Sassafras albidum	Sassafras	Large Tree (50’)		Fall foliage and berries; Male & female needed
Vaccinium angustifolium	Lowbush Blueberry	Groundcover (1’)	Dry acid soil; Sun for fruit	Spring flowers; Summer berries; Fall Foliage
Vaccinium corymbosum	Highbush Blueberry	Medium shrub (8’)	Moist acid soil; Sun for fruit	Same as V. angustifolium + Red or yellow winter twigs
Viburnum alnifolium	Hobblebush	Medium shrub (8’)	Part shade; Moist	Spring flowers; Summer berries; Fall foliage
Viburnum cassinoides	Withe-rod	Medium shrub (8’)	Adaptable	Spring flowers; Summer berries; Fall foliage

Wildflowers     Spring Bloomers
Species	Common name	Form	Conditions	Comments
Actaea pachypoda	Doll's Eyes	Upright (1-2')	Moist; Part sun/Shade	Interesting berries; mildly poisonous
Actaea rubra	Red Baneberry	Upright (1-2')	Moist; Part sun/Shade	Interesting berries; mildly poisonous
Anemone quinquefolia	Wood Anemone	Diminutive (3-6")	Moist; Shade	Ephemeral; Best in colonies
Aquilegia canadensis	Wild Columbine	Upright (1-2')	Well-drained; Sun/Light Shade	Common along roadsides; Hummingbird favorite
Arisaema triphyllum	Jack-in-the-Pulpit	Upright (1-2')	Moist; Shade	Variable color of flowers; Bright berries in fall
Asarum canadense	Wild Ginger	Groundcover	Moist; Shade	Flowers at ground level; pollinated by beetles
Caltha palustris	Marsh Marigold	Clumper (1-2')	Moist to wet; Sun to shade	Brilliant color for the bog garden or along streams
Caulophyllum thalictroides	Blue Cohosh	Upright (2-3')	Moist; Shade	Blue berries in fall
Claytonia caroliniana	Spring Beauty	Diminutive (3-6")	Moist; Part sun/Shade	Ephemeral; Best in colonies
Clintonia borealis	Bluebead Lily	Clumper (8-12")	Moist; Shade	Brilliant blue berries in fall
Cornus canadensis	Bunchberry	Groundcover	Moist; Part sun/Shade	Common at higher elevations
Cypripedium acaule	Pink Lady-slipper	Clumper (1')	Average; Light shade	Not for the home garden; enjoy in the wild
Dentaria laciniata	Cut-leaf Toothwort	Diminutive (4-6")	Moist; Shade	Ephemeral; Attractive foliage
Dicentra canadensis	Squirrel Corn	Diminutive (3-5")	Moist; Part sun/Shade	Later bloom than Dutchman's Breeches; Ephemeral
Dicentra cucullaria	Dutchman's Breeches	Diminutive (3-5")	Moist; Part sun/Shade	Ephemeral
Erythronium americanum	Trout Lily	Diminutive (2-6")	Moist; Shade	Ephemeral; Flowers short-lived
Gaultheria procumbens	Wintergreen	Groundcover	Moist to dry; Part sun/Shade	Flowers in summer; berries last through spring
Geranium maculatum	Wild Geranium	Upright (1-2')	Moist; Sun/Light shade	Spectacular in the garden; white form available
Hepatica nobilis var. obtusa	Round-lobed Hepatica	Diminutive	Moist; Part sun/Shade	Flower color variable
Iris versicolor	Northern Blue Flag	Clumper (2-3')	Moist to Wet; Sun/Light shade	Brilliant color for the bog garden or along streams
Maianthemum canadense	Canada Mayflower	Groundcover	Moist to dry; Part sun/Shade	Our most common woodlander
Mainthemum racemosum	False Solomon's Seal	Upright (1-3')	Moist; Part sun/Shade	Berries change colors as they mature
Panax quinquefolius	Ginseng	Upright (8-16")	Moist, well-drained; Shade	Associated with Sugar Maple
Podophyllum peltatum	Mayapple	Upright (8-16")	Moist to dry; Part sun/Shade	Deer-proof?; Fruits eaten by box turtles
Polygonatum biflorum	Solomon's Seal	Upright (1-3')	Moist; Shade	Polyploid form (commutatum) reaches 5-6'
Sanguinaria canadensis	Bloodroot	Clumper (1')	Moist to ave; Part sun/Shade	Interesting foliage; brilliant but brief flowering
Streptopus amplexifolius	White Mandarin	Upright (1-3')	Moist; Shade	Brilliant red berries in fall
Symplocarpus foeditus	Skunk Cabbage	Clumper (1-2')	Wet; Sun/Shade	First to flower
Thalictrum thalictroides	Rue Anemone	Diminutive (4-8")	Moist; Part sun/Shade	Ephemeral; Double cultivars available
Tiarella cordifolia	Foamflower	Groundcover	Moist; Part sun/Shade	Common; Numerous cultivars
Trillium erectum	Purple Trillium	Clumper (1-2')	Moist; Part sun/Shade	Brilliant color; easy in the garden
Trillium undulatum	Painted Trillium	Clumper (1-2')	Moist; Part sun/Shade	Brilliant color; not so easy in the garden
Uvularia sessilifolia	Wild Oats	Groundcover	Moist/ave; Part sun/Shade	Light yellow bell-flowers; tolerates dry shade
Viola canadensis	Canada Violet	Clumper (1')	Moist; Part sun/Shade	Long-bloomer
Viola pubescens	Downy Yellow Violet	Clumper (1')	Moist; Part sun/Shade	Valuable yellow color for the spring woodland

Wildflowers     Summer or Fall Bloomers
Species	Common name	Form	Conditions	Comments
Actaea racemosa	Black Cohosh, Bugbane	Foliage to 3’	Moist woodland conditions	Great background plant; soaring white flower spikes
Asclepias incarnata	Swamp Milkweed	Upright (3-5’)	Moist/wet/ave; Sun/Part Sun	Pink & white flowers; butterflies, bees, cut flowers
Asclepias verticillata	Whorled Milkweed	Fine foliage (1-2’)	Average to dry soils; Sun	White flowers; butterflies, bees, cut flowers
Aster divaricatus	White Wood Aster	Upright (1-2’)	Average to dry soils; Shade	White flowers; tough plant for dry shade
Campanula rotundifolia	Round-leaved Bluebell	Delicate (1-1.5’)	Moist to dry; Sun/Part sun	Blue, bell-shaped flowers over a long season
Cassia hebecarpa	Wild Senna	Imposing (3-6’)	Moist to dry; Part sun	Dramatic form; interesting yellow flowers
Chelone glabra	Turtlehead	Upright (3’)	Moist/wet/ave; Sun/Part Sun	Interesting white flowers; Naturalizes in wet areas
Eupatorium fistulosum	Hollow Joe Pye Weed	Imposing (3-8’)	Moist to wet; Sun/Part sun	Pinky-purple flowers; butterflies, bees
Eurybia divaricata	Black Cohosh, Bugbane	Foliage to 3’	Moist woodland conditions	Great background plant; soaring white flower spikes
Gentiana clausa	Closed Gentian	Sprawling (1-1.5’)	Moist; Part sun	Beautiful blue-violet flowers to end the year
Helenium autumnale	Helen’s Flower	Upright (3-5’)	Moist to average; Sun	Adds a bright splash of color to late-season borders
Heliopsis helianthoides	Ox-eye Sunflower	Upright (3-5’)	Average soils; Sun	Dependable
Heuchera americana	Alumroot	Ground cover (1’)	Moist to dry; Part sun	Attractive dark green foliage with burgundy veining
Hypoxis hirsuta	Yellow Stargrass	Ground cover (6-8’)	Moist to dry; Sun/Part sun	Tiny yellow flowers over a fairly long season
Lobelia cardinalis	Cardinal Flower	Upright  (2-4’)	Moist to wet; Sun/Part sun	Spectacular crimson flower spikes; Hummingbirds
Lobelia siphilitica	Great Blue Lobelia	Upright  (2-3’)	Average to wet; Sun/Part sun	Thick blue flower spikes; Naturalizes by self-seeding
Monarda didyma	Bee balm	Upright  (3-4’)	Moist to average; Sun/Part sun	Red flowers attract hummingbirds
Monarda fistulosa	Wild Bergamot	Upright  (3-4’)	Average; Sun to light shade	Violet/pink flowers also attract hummingbirds
Oenothera perennis	Small Sundrops	Flowers to 1’	Average to moist; Sun	Dainty yellow flowers; Rock gardens or edger
Penstemon digitalis	Foxglove Beardtongue	Upright  (2-4’)	Average to moist; Sun	Common meadow species; Husker Red cultivar
Pycnanthemum incanum	Hoary Mountain Mint	Upright  (3-4’)	Moist to dry; Sun/Part sun	Superior nectar plant for bees &butterflies
Rudbeckia laciniata	Tall Coneflower	Imposing (3-6’)	Moist; Sun/Part sun	Great background plant & good for naturalizing
Rudbeckia triloba	Thin-leaved Coneflower	Upright (2-5’)	Moist; Sun/Part sun	Short-lived but reseeds - good for naturalizing
Silene stellata	Starry Campion	Sprawling (1-2’)	Moist to dry; Sun to light shade	Intricate nodding flowers - good for naturalizing
Sisyrinchium angustifolium	Blue-eyed Grass	Clumper (1’)	Moist; Sun/Part sun	Beautiful blue flowers with yellow eyes
Tradescantia virginiana	Common Spiderwort	Clumper (1-2’)	Moist to dry; Sun to shade	Tough adaptable plant with attractive blue flowers
Vernonia noveboracensis	New York Ironweed	Upright  (4-8’)	Moist to wet	Easy to grow; good background plant; butterflies
Veronicastrum virginicum	Culver’s Root	Upright  (3-6’)	Moist	Excellent architecture; spikes of white flowers